Rheumatoid arthritis - Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

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Rheumatoid arthritis
Description
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis.

Alternative Names
Arthritis - rheumatoid

Symptoms

The hallmark symptom of rheumatoid arthritis is morning stiffness that lasts for at least an hour. (Stiffness from osteoarthritis, for instance, usually clears up within half an hour.) Even after remaining motionless for a few moments, the body can stiffen. Movement becomes easier again after loosening up.

Swelling and Pain
Swelling and pain in the joints must occur for at least 6 weeks before a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is considered. The inflamed joints are usually swollen and often feel warm and "boggy" when touched. The pain often occurs symmetrically but may be more severe on one side of the body, depending on which hand the person uses more often.

Specific Joints Affected
Although rheumatoid arthritis almost always develops in the wrists and knuckles, the knees and joints of the ball of the foot are often affected as well. Indeed, many joints may be involved, even causing the spine to become misaligned. It does not usually show up in the fingertips, where osteoarthritis is common, but joints at the base of the fingers are often painful.

Nodules
In about 20% of people with RA, inflammation of small blood vessels can cause nodules, or lumps, under the skin. They are about the size of a pea or slightly larger, and are often located near the elbow, although they can show up anywhere. Nodules can occur throughout the course of the disease. Rarely, nodules may become sore and infected, particularly if they are in locations where stress occurs, such as the ankles. On rare occasions, nodules can reflect the presence of rheumatoid vasculitis, a condition that can affect blood vessels in the lungs, kidneys, or other organs.

Fluid Buildup
Fluid may accumulate, particularly in the ankles. In rare cases, the joint sac behind the knee accumulates fluid and forms what is known as a Baker cyst. This cyst feels like a tumor and sometimes extends down the back of the calf causing pain.

Flu-Like Symptoms
Symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and fever may accompany early rheumatoid arthritis. Some people describe them as being similar to those of a cold or flu except, of course, RA symptoms can last for years.

Symptoms in Children
In children, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, also known as Still's disease, is usually preceded by high fever and shaking chills along with pain and swelling
in many joints. A pink skin rash may be present.

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